A variable is nothing but a name given to a storage area that our programs can manipulate. Each variable in VB.Net has a specific type,
which determines the size and layout of the variable's memory; the range of values that can be stored within that memory; and the set of
operations that can be applied to the variable.
| Type | Example |
|---|
| Integral types | SByte, Byte, Short, UShort, Integer, UInteger, Long, ULong and Char |
| Floating point types | Single and Double |
| Decimal types | Decimal |
| Boolean types | True or False values, as assigned |
| Date types | Date |
VB.Net also allows defining other value types of variable like Enum and reference types of variables like Class. We will discuss date types and Classes, in subsequent chapters.
Variable Declaration in VB.Net
The Dim statement is used for variable declaration and storage allocation for one or more variables. The Dim statement is used at module, class, structure, procedure or block level.
Syntax for variable declaration in VB.Net is:
[ < attributelist> ] [ accessmodifier ] [[ Shared ] [ Shadows ] | [ Static ]]
[ ReadOnly ] Dim [ WithEvents ] variablelist
Where,
attributelist is a list of attributes that apply to the variable. Optional.
accessmodifier defines the access levels of the variables, it has values as - Public, Protected, Friend, Protected Friend and Private. Optional.
Shared declares a shared variable, which is not associated with any specific instance of a class or structure, rather available to all the instances of the class or structure. Optional.
Shadows indicate that the variable re-declares and hides an identically named element, or set of overloaded elements, in a base class. Optional.
Static indicates that the variable will retain its value, even when the after termination of the procedure in which it is declared. Optional.
ReadOnly means the variable can be read, but not written. Optional.
WithEvents specifies that the variable is used to respond to events raised by the instance assigned to the variable. Optional.
Variablelist provides the list of variables declared.
Each variable in the variable list has the following syntax and parts:
variablename[ ( [ boundslist ] ) ] [ As [ New ] datatype ] [ = initializer ]
Where,
variablename: is the name of the variable
boundslist: optional. It provides list of bounds of each dimension of an array variable.
New: optional. It creates a new instance of the class when the Dim statement runs.
datatype: Required if Option Strict is On. It specifies the data type of the variable.
initializer: Optional if New is not specified. Expression that is evaluated and assigned to the variable when it is created.
Some valid variable declarations along with their definition are shown here:
Dim StudentID As Integer
Dim StudentName As String
Dim Salary As Double
Dim count1, count2 As Integer
Dim status As Boolean
Dim exitButton As New System.Windows.Forms.Button
Dim lastTime, nextTime As Date
Variable Initialization in VB.Net
Variables are initialized (assigned a value) with an equal sign followed by a constant expression. The general form of initialization is:
variable_name = value;
for example,
Dim pi As Double
pi = 3.14159
You can initialize a variable at the time of declaration as follows:
Dim StudentID As Integer = 100
Dim StudentName As String = "Bill Smith"
Example
Try following example which makes use of various types of variables:
Module variablesNdataypes
Sub Main()
Dim a As Short
Dim b As Integer
Dim c As Double
a = 10
b = 20
c = a + b
Console.WriteLine("a = {0}, b = {1}, c = {2}", a, b, c)
Console.ReadLine()
End Sub
End Module
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces following result:
a = 10, b = 20, c = 30
Accepting Values from User
The Console class in the System namespace provides a function ReadLine for accepting input from the user and store it into a variable. For example,
Dim message As String
message = Console.ReadLine
The following example demonstrates it:
Module variablesNdataypes
Sub Main()
Dim message As String
Console.Write("Enter message: ")
message = Console.ReadLine
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Your Message: {0}", message)
Console.ReadLine()
End Sub
End Module
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces following result(Assume the user inputs Hello World):
Enter message: Hello World
Your Message: Hello World
Lvalues and Rvalues
There are two kinds of expressions:
lvalue : An expression that is an lvalue may appear as either the left-hand or right-hand side of an assignment.
rvalue : An expression that is an rvalue may appear on the right- but not left-hand side of an assignment.
Variables are lvalues and so may appear on the left-hand side of an assignment. Numeric literals are rvalues and so may not be assigned and can not appear on the left-hand side. Following is a valid statement:
Dim g As Integer = 20
But following is not a valid statement and would generate compile-time error:
20 = g
